Counterintuitively, in Experiment 3, the sense of resistance was apparent even without user’s keystrokes. In Experiment 2, consistent with the results of the previous experiment, it was found that the cursor movement outside of the square area was not required to generate the sense of resistance. In Experiment 1, we found that these two factors interacted significantly with each other, but further analysis showed that the cursor speed within the square area was the most important determinant of perceived resistance. In addition to the basic speed of the cursor, the ratio of the basic speed to the speed within the square area was varied. The participants’ task was to report, on a five-point scale, how much resistance they felt to the cursor’s movement. While the cursor was moving, the cursor was temporarily slowed down on a square area of the screen. Participants moved a cursor toward a destination by pressing a key.
The present study investigated whether and how it was possible to offer pseudo-haptic feedback to a user who manipulated a virtual object using keystrokes. Conventional studies have investigated pseudo-haptic feedback in situations, wherein a user manipulated a virtual object using a computer mouse, a force-feedback device, etc. A technique that utilizes this visual-haptic interaction is called as pseudo-haptic feedback. Haptic sensation of a material can be modulated by its visual appearance. NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Atsugi, Japan.Takahiro Kawabe *, Yusuke Ujitoko, Takumi Yokosaka and Scinob Kuroki
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